TNPSC TAMIL NADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION EXAM PAPER BIO-PHYSICS.

(P.G. DEGREE STANDARD)
UNIT – I STRUCTURAL CHARACTERSITICS
Scope and definition of Biophysics. Biophysics at the macroscopic level - at the microscopic level and at the molecular level. Biophysical Chemistry: Atoms - molecules - energy -structure of atoms and molecules - elementary quantum mechanics - covalent bonds - Hydrogen -bonds -stereochemistry - molecular orbitals - chirality.
UNIT – II APPLICATIONS OF PHYSICAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS IN BIOLOGY
Diffusion - sedimentation - electrophoresis - separation techniques - Biomolecular structure determination using X-ray diffraction - electron microscopy - IR - Raman and laser spectrometry - UV-visible spectroscopy - CD-ORD - NMR - model building - computer simulation and graphics.
UNIT – III MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Structure, function and action of viruses and proteins - structure -function and action of nucleic acids - structure and action of membranes- - structure - function and action of other biologically important molecules and molecular assemblies - ribosomes - nucleosomes.
UNIT – IV CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS
Van der Waals radii of atoms (equilibrium separation between non covalently bonded atoms) – contact distance criteria - Noncovalent forces determining biopolymer structure – dispersion forces – electrostatic interations – van der Waals interactions - hydrogen bonds - hydrophobic
interactions - distortional energies - description of various interactions by potential functions -principles of minimization of conformational energy.
UNIT – V PRINICPLES OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Structural implications of the peptide bond - rigid planar peptide unit - cis and trans configuration - conformations of a pair of linked peptide units - torsion angles phi and psi - steric hindrance - hardsphere approximation - allowed and disallowed conformations -Ramachandran Diagram - conformational maps for glycine and other natural amino acids -conformationally constrained amino acids and their importance.
UNIT – VI ORGANISATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Membrane potentials - origins of membrane potential - electrochemical potentials - Donnan equilibrium - Nernst equation - Goldman equation.
Membrane transport - diffusion-facilitated diffusion - membrane transport proteins - carrier mediated transport - channel mediated transport.
UNIT – VII RADIATION PHYSICS
Radiation Quantities, units and definitions - Radiation measurement. Radiation Biology of Normal tissue system - Biological effects of ionizing radiation - structural changes in chromosomes - Gene muatation - metabolism and biological effects of radionuclide.Radiation hazards, Evaluation and control - Regulatory aspects of radiological safety - disposal of radioactive waste. Physics of laser - different types of lasers - biomedical applications -C.T.scan - ultra sonography. NMR Imaging – Principles – Applications.
UNIT – VIII COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY
Use of computers in sequence analysis and structure analysis – sequence projects structure projects – definitions– structural and functional genomics. The digital nature of biological information – elements of molecular biology – the transfer of information in biological systems –
representation of biological molecules as strings of symbols
BIO-PHYSICS (P.G. DEGREE STANDARD)
UNIT – I STRUCTURAL CHARACTERSITICS
Scope and definition of Biophysics. Biophysics at the macroscopic level - at the microscopiclevel and at the molecular level. Biophysical Chemistry: Atoms - molecules - energy -structure of atoms and molecules - elementary quantum mechanics - covalent bonds -Hydrogen -bonds - stereochemistry - molecular orbitals - chirality.
UNIT – II APPLICATIONS OF PHYSICAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS IN BIOLOGY
Diffusion - sedimentation - electrophoresis - separation techniques - Biomolecular structure determination using X-ray diffraction - electron microscopy - IR - Raman and laser spectrometry - UV-visible spectroscopy - CD-ORD - NMR - model building - computer simulation and graphics.
UNIT – III MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Structure, function and action of viruses and proteins - structure - function and action of nucleic acids - structure and action of membranes- - structure - function and action of other biologically important molecules and molecular assemblies - ribosomes - nucleosomes.
UNIT – IV CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS
Van der Waals radii of atoms (equilibrium separation between non covalently bonded atoms) –contact distance criteria - Noncovalent forces determining biopolymer structure – dispersion forces – electrostatic interations – van der Waals interactions - hydrogen bonds - hydrophobic
interactions - distortional energies - description of various interactions by potential functions -principles of minimization of conformational energy.
UNIT – V PRINICPLES OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Structural implications of the peptide bond - rigid planar peptide unit - cis and trans configuration - conformations of a pair of linked peptide units - torsion angles phi and psi -steric hindrance - hardsphere approximation - allowed and disallowed conformations -Ramachandran Diagram - conformational maps for glycine and other natural amino acids -conformationally constrained amino acids and their importance.
UNIT – VI ORGANISATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Membrane potentials - origins of membrane potential - electrochemical potentials - Donnan equilibrium - Nernst equation - Goldman equation.
Membrane transport - diffusion-facilitated diffusion - membrane transport proteins - carrier mediated transport - channel mediated transport.
UNIT – VII RADIATION PHYSICS
Radiation Quantities, units and definitions - Radiation measurement. Radiation Biology of Normal tissue system - Biological effects of ionizing radiation - structural changes in chromosomes - Gene muatation - metabolism and biological effects of radionuclide.Radiation hazards, Evaluation and control - Regulatory aspects of radiological safety - disposal of radioactive waste. Physics of laser - different types of lasers - biomedical applications -C.T.scan - ultra sonography. NMR Imaging – Principles – Applications.
UNIT – VIII COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY
Use of computers in sequence analysis and structure analysis – sequence projects structure projects – definitions– structural and functional genomics. The digital nature of biological information – elements of molecular biology – the transfer of information in biological systems –
representation of biological molecules as strings of symbols – correspondences to other branches of computation, including computational linguistics, pattern recognition, image processing, etc. Elements of computer science – hardware – software – hierarchies in software –operating systems and application software – algorithms and computational complexity –examples – travelling salesman problem – protein folding problem – the internet.
UNIT – IX DATABASES AND ALGORITHMS FOR ANALYSIS OF SEQUENCE
Computer databases – bio molecular databases – sequence databases – structural databases –details of organisation, access and deposition – derived and specialised databases - data mining -homology v/s similarity – dot matrices – sequence comparison using Needleman and Wunsch
method – Hash coding – BLAST and FASTA – Structure analysis – distance matrices –examples
UNIT X CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
External features and symmetry – unit cell and Miller indices – seven crystal systems – Bravais lattices – point groups and space groups – X-ray diffraction – Bragg’s law –Generation,detection and properties of X-rays-choice of radiation, synchrotron radiation Powder photographs – interpretation of powder photograph – ASTM indexTheory of diffraction by helical structures and application to alpha-helix and DNA.
BOOKS FOR STUDY
1. Introduction to Biophysics, C. Sybesma. Academic Press, New York (1977)
2. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, D.L.Nelson & M.M.Cox, Worth Publishers,
USA (2000).
3. Introductory Biophysics , V. Pattabhi & N. Gautham, Narosa Publications (1999)
4. Biochemistry , D.Voet & J.G.Voet, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1995).
5. Molecular Cell Biology (IV edition) H. Lodish, A. Berk, S.L. Zipursky, P. Matsudaira ,
D. Baltimore & J. Darnel, W.H. Freeman & Company (2000).
6. Genes VII, B.Lewin, Oxford Univ. Press (2000).
7. Radiation Biophysics, E. L. Alpen, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, USA, (1990).
8. Cell structure and function, A.G. Loewy, P. Siekevitz, J. R. Menninger, & J. A.N.
Gallant, Saunders College Publishing (1991).
9. Principles of cell and Molecular Biology L.J. Kleinsmith & V.M. Kish, Heorper-Collins
College publishers (1995).
10. Bioinformatics: A practical guide to the analysis of genes and proteins. A.D.
Baxevanis and B.F. Francis (eds). John Wiley and Sons (1998).
11. Introduction to Bioinformatics. T.K. Attwood and D.J. Parry-Smith, Addison
Wesley Longman Ltd. (1999).
12. Bioinformatics – Data bases and Algorithms N. Gautham, Narosa Publications (2006).
13. X-ray Structure Determination, G.H. Stout and L.H. Jensen, John Wiley and Sons Inc.,
New York (1989).
14. Conformation in Fibrous proteins, R.D.B. Fraser & T.P. MacRae, Academic press, New
York (1973).
15. Biophysical Chemistry Vol.11, C.R. Cantor & P.R. Schimmel, W.H. Freeman & Co.,
San Francisco (1980).
16. The Basics of Crystallography & Diffraction, C. Hammond, IUCr – Oxford University
Press (1997).correspondences to other
branches of computation, including computational linguistics, pattern recognition, image
processing, etc. Elements of computer science – hardware – software – hierarchies in software –
operating systems and application software – algorithms and computational complexity –
examples – travelling salesman problem – protein folding problem – the internet.
UNIT – IX DATABASES AND ALGORITHMS FOR ANALYSIS OF SEQUENCE
Computer databases – bio molecular databases – sequence databases – structural databases –
details of organisation, access and deposition – derived and specialised databases - data mining -
homology v/s similarity – dot matrices – sequence comparison using Needleman and Wunsch
method – Hash coding – BLAST and FASTA – Structure analysis – distance matrices –
examples
UNIT X CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
External features and symmetry – unit cell and Miller indices – seven crystal systems – Bravais
lattices – point groups and space groups – X-ray diffraction – Bragg’s law –Generation,
detection and properties of X-rays-choice of radiation, synchrotron radiation Powder
photographs – interpretation of powder photograph – ASTM indexTheory of diffraction by
helical structures and application to alpha-helix and DNA.
BOOKS FOR STUDY
1. Introduction to Biophysics, C. Sybesma. Academic Press, New York (1977)
2. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, D.L.Nelson & M.M.Cox, Worth Publishers,
USA (2000).
3. Introductory Biophysics , V. Pattabhi & N. Gautham, Narosa Publications (1999)
4. Biochemistry , D.Voet & J.G.Voet, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1995).
5. Molecular Cell Biology (IV edition) H. Lodish, A. Berk, S.L. Zipursky, P. Matsudaira ,
D. Baltimore & J. Darnel, W.H. Freeman & Company (2000).
6. Genes VII, B.Lewin, Oxford Univ. Press (2000).
7. Radiation Biophysics, E. L. Alpen, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, USA, (1990).
8. Cell structure and function, A.G. Loewy, P. Siekevitz, J. R. Menninger, & J. A.N.
Gallant, Saunders College Publishing (1991).
9. Principles of cell and Molecular Biology L.J. Kleinsmith & V.M. Kish, Heorper-Collins
College publishers (1995).
10. Bioinformatics: A practical guide to the analysis of genes and proteins. A.D.
Baxevanis and B.F. Francis (eds). John Wiley and Sons (1998).
11. Introduction to Bioinformatics. T.K. Attwood and D.J. Parry-Smith, Addison
Wesley Longman Ltd. (1999).
12. Bioinformatics – Data bases and Algorithms N. Gautham, Narosa Publications (2006).
13. X-ray Structure Determination, G.H. Stout and L.H. Jensen, John Wiley and Sons Inc.,
New York (1989).
14. Conformation in Fibrous proteins, R.D.B. Fraser & T.P. MacRae, Academic press, New
York (1973).
15. Biophysical Chemistry Vol.11, C.R. Cantor & P.R. Schimmel, W.H. Freeman & Co.,
San Francisco (1980).
16. The Basics of Crystallography & Diffraction, C. Hammond, IUCr – Oxford University
Press (1997).

TNPSC TAMIL NADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION EXAM PAPER-BIOCHEMISTRY.

POST GRADUATE DEGREE STANDARD

UNIT -I TECHNIQUES IN BIOCHEMISTRY:- Principles and application of light, phase contrast, Fluorescence, scanning and Transmission electron microscopy. Cytophotometry; Gel filtration; HPLC, Ultracentrifugation; X-ray diffraction; Fluorimetry; spectroscopy (UV, DRD/CD, visible, NMR, ESR, Atomic absorption and plasma emission); Principles and application of tracer techniques in biology, Liquid scientillation spectrometry.
UNIT- II CHEMISTRY OF BIOMOLECULES:- Structure of carbohydrates, Polysaccharides, Glycoproteins, Peptidoglycans, cell wall polysaccharides; structure of aminoacids and proteins, forces involved, Ramachandran Plot. Structure of Purine, Pyrimidine bases, Nucleotides, DNA, different types of RNA and Vitamins.
UNIT- III METABOLOSM:- Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Aminoacids, lipids, and Nucleic acids, Respiratory chain, oxidative phosphoerylation, free energy change; coupled reactions; Biological energy transducers; High energy compounds and group transfer potentials; Bio energetics.
UNIT -IV ENZYMES:- Enzyme kinetics; Regulation of enzyme activity, coenzymes; Activators/inhibitors, isoenzymes; Mechanism of enzyme action.
UNIT- V CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY:- Disorders of carbohydrate, Fat and Nitrogen, Metabolisms, Laboratory Diagnosis, Liver and Kidney function tests; Blood coagulation disorders; Inborn errors of metabolism.
PAPER -II

UNIT- I BIOMEMBRANES:- Structures and organization of membranes, hormones - structure, function and its role in signal transduction, Neurotranmitters; Transport across Membranes.
UNIT- II MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY:- Classification of Micro-organisms - Viruses, bacteria, Fungi, Yeast; Basic principles of Bioprocess technology. Fermentation products - ethanol, glycerol, lactic acid, acetone, riboflavin, vitamin B12 and Penicillin, Preparation of media to culture micro-organisms, Soil microbiology; use of micro organisms in sewage treatment.
UNIT- III MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:- Prokaryotic and Kukaryotic cell structure; Eukaryotic genome organisation; cell cycle, Replication, Transcription, Tranlation and Regulation of Gene Expression; Lysogency and Lytic cycles in bacteriophages; bacterial transformation; transduction; conjugation and complementation; principles of Genetic - engineering - Enzymes, vectors, C DNA and Genomic Libracy construction; Screening of Libraries; Western, Northern and Southern blotting; Agarose Gel and SDS PAGE Electrophoresis; Dot Blot analysis; DNA sequencing methods; Autoradiography; Transgene technology; PCR and its application; RFLP, RAPD; Molecular Pathogenesis of Cancer.
UNIT- IV IMMUNOLOGY:- Antigens, Immunoglobulines, T and B Lymphocytes and their characte rization; monpo - lonal antibodies; Accessory cells - Macrophages and Dendritic cells; Purification of immunologlobulins: Ion exchange and affinity chromatography; Enzyme Linked Immunoabsorbant Assay, vaccines; Hypersensitive actions; Auto immunity, Antibody engineering; Antigen Presentation; Radio immunoassay.
UNIT- V TISSUE CULTURE:- Primary cultures derived from plant, animal and human tissues, Maintenance of cell lines; Artificial Insemination technology; Callus culture; Somaclonal Variation; Micropropagation; somatic embryogenesis; protoplast fusion; artificial seeds.

TNPSC TAMIL NADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION EXAM PAPER-ARCHAEOLOGY.

POST GRADUATE DEGREE STANDARD

1. History of ArchaeologyValue of Archaeology - Development of Archaeological Studies in India- Types of Archaeological investigations - Aerial Photography - Remote sensing for Archaeology - Historical Archaeology - Underwater Archaeology -New Archaeology -Functions of Archaeological Survey of India - State and University Departments of Archaeology.
2. Archaeological Field work Exploration techniques - Exploration tools - Excavation Methods -Horizontal and Vertical types of Excavations - Recording and Analysis of excavation and artifacts - Preparation of excavation report - Dating methods- Archaeological Research in India- Detailed studies of following excavations in Tamil Nadu : Arikkamedu, Kavirippumpattinam, Sanur, Uraiyur, Korkai.
3. Prehistory of India History of Indian Prehistory - Use of Geology and Sciences -Stone tools and functions -Technology of tool making - Early, Middle and Late Palaeolithic Ages -Tools and distribution, habitation and culture - Cave Art - Mesolithic Age - Neolithic revolution -Tools, Pottery, Distribution of sites -Technology and Development - Chalcolithic period - Harappan Culture -Western Indian Chalcolithic Cultures - Banas and Painted Grey ware Cultures - Iron Age cultures - Northern Black Polished Ware cultures.
4. Prehistoric Studies in Tamil NaduStone Age cultures - Kortalaiyar valley and Attirampakkam - Mesolithic Culture - Neolithic and Chalcolithic Problems in Tamil Nadu - Megalithic Culture- types of graves - Regional distribution - Artifacts and Pottery types - Economy.
5. Epigraphy Importance of Epigraphy - Early inscriptions of India - Asokan Edicts -Hathighumpha inscription of Kharavela - Importance of Satavahana Inscrtiptions -Development of Tamil Epigraphy - Tamil - Brahmi, Vatteluttu incriptions - Copper plates and Hero Stone inscriptions -Types and Forms of Inscriptions -Importance of Pallava, Chola, Pandya, and Vijayanagar inscriptions - Study of the following inscriptions: Tamil - Brahmi Inscriptions from Mangulam -Mandagappattu Inscription of Mahendravarman -Velvikkudi Copper plate inscriptions - Uttaramerur inscription of Parantaka I - Thanjavur inscriptions of Rajaraja I.
6. Development of Indian PalaeographyAncient Scripts in India - Brahmi and Kharoshti Scripts, Origin and Development- Evolution of Tamil script- Tamil-Brahmi Script - Tamil, Vatteluttu scripts - Grantha and Nagari scripts.
7. Numismatics Early coinage in India - Tribal coinage - Punch Marked coins, distribution, symbols and interpretation - Coinage of the Indo-Greeks - Roman coinage in India - Gupta coinage - Post Gupta coinage - South Indian coinage - Chalukya, Rahstrakuta, Hoysala and Vijayanagar coinage - Development of Tamil coinage - Sangam coins- Roman coins in Tamil Nadu - Imperial Chola Coinage - Pandya, Vijayanagara and Nayak coinage - Metals and Minting techniques of various coins.
8. Sculptural Art and ArchitectureEarly Sculptural Art and Architecture - Harappan Art - Mauryan Sculptural Art and Architecture- development of Stupa and Chaitya Architecture - Satavahana Art - Early Art and Architecture of Deccan - Chalukya, Rashtrakuta and Hoyasala sculptural Art and Architecture - Vijayanagara Art and Architecture - Secular Art of the Vijayanagara Period - Early Tamil Sculptural Art and Architecture- Cave Art of the Pallava, Pandyas - Structural Temples - Chola Sculptural Art and Architecture - Descriptive study of temples at Mamallapuram, Kanchipuram, Thanjavur and Gangaikonda Cholapuram.
9. Bronzes, Iconography and PaintingsDevelopment of Bronzes in India - Pallava, Chola bronzes - Iconography and Iconometry - Hindu, Jaina, and Buddhist Icons - Indian Paintings - Ajanta and Bagh caves - Pallava and Pandya paintings - Chola paintings- Vijayanagar paintings - Rajasthan and other regional painting styles.
10. Conservation and MuseologyImportance of conservation of Ancient structures- Reasons for decay -Methods of conservation of Brick, stone, mortar, and wooden structures - Removal of plants and other biological materials - Chemical methods of conservation - Preservation techniques - formation of Archaeological gardens and their uses - Mending of artifacts, pottery and other artifacts - strengthening and preservation of artifacts -Terra cotta objects and pottery, metal objects, sculptures and coins, stone and other objects - Purpose of Archaeological Museums - Display methods in museums - Preparation of Museum guide books.

TNPSC(TAMIL NADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION)EXAM:PAPER-ANTHROPOLOGY.

POST GRADUATE DEGREE STANDARD

PAPER - I
SECTION I : FOUNDATIONS OF ANTHROPOLOGY(COMPULSORY)
UNIT- I ANTHROPOLOGY AND IT'S BRANCHES Meaning and scope of Anthropology - Major divisions of Anthropology - Socio - cultural Anthropology - Physical or Biological Anthropology, Linguistic Anthropology and applied Anthropology. Inter-relationships of various branches of Anthropology - The Anthropology and its relations with other social, Biological and Medical sciences.
UNIT- II BASIC CONCEPTS OF SOCIETY AND CULTURE Society ,culture and civilization; community, groups, band, tribe, institutions, Associations, Folkways and Mores, Norms and values, customs and traditions, status and Role, Enthnography, Ethnology, caste class and Race.
UNIT- III MARRIAGE FAMILY AND KINSHIP Definition of Marriage, problems in Universal definition of Marriage - Marriage Regulations Exogamy and Endogamy - Types of Marriages - Proferential and prescribed forms of marriage - Functions of Marriage - ways of Acquiring Mates , in Indian tribes, Marriage payments - Divorce - Marriage, patterns in Hindu, Muslims and Christians ; problem in the Universal definition of family - Basis of Human family - structure, organization, and functions of family - stability and changes in Indian family, Hindu joint family system and it's transition; kinship - Definition of kinship - system, it's place in social structure. Analysis of kinship. Terminology - types of kinship systems, Rules of Decent, Decent groups, kinship usages, and determinants of kinship terminologies.
UNIT -IV SOCIAL STRATIFICATION Principles of social stratification, class and caste system in India - Idea of Rank and status in tribal societies.
UNIT -V ECONOMIC ANTHROPOLOGY Meaning, scope and Relevance of Economic Anthropology; Principles governing production, distribution and consumption in communities subsisting on Hunting and gathering, Fishing, Pastoralism, Horticulture and Agriculture. Modes of exchange, barter, ceremonial exchange, reciprocity, and redistribution, market and trade in tribal communities.
UNIT- VI POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Meaning and scope - power and Legitamacy - differences between state and stateless societies. Social control, Law and Justice in Primitive societies
UNIT- VII RELIGION Definition and function of Religion - Theories of origin of Religion - Religion and it's forms - Animism, Animatism, Totemism, Naturalism - Religious Functionaries, Religion, Magic and Science - Totem and Taboo and their ritual significance - Religion and world view - Religion, Economy and political system
UNIT- VIII MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Meaning and scope of Medical Anthropology -Ethno medicine - socio - cultural factors influencing food nutrition, health and hygiene. Concept of disease and treatment in traditional societies - Health and disease problems in primitive societies.
UNIT- IX DEVELOPMENTAL ANTHROPOLOGY Anthropological development in planning - concepts of sustainable development, displacement and Rehabilitation - Role of Anthropology in National integration - Management of food, water resources, Environment, population dynamics with special reference to Tamilnadu.
UNIT- X REBEACH METHODS AND FIELD WORK TECHNIQUES/BASIC STATISTICS Field tradition in Anthropology - observation , case study, interview, questionnaire and schedule, Genealogical method, Visual Anthropology, Life histories and personal documents, Basic statistics; graphical representation of data. Mean mode and median-standard deviation, standard Error - chi-square and t-test, Analysis of variance - correlation, sampling methods.
UNIT- XI EMERGENCE OF MAN

A) BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION

1) Ramapithocus

2) Australopithecenes

3) Homoerectus

4) Neanderthalas

) Modern man.
B)CULTURAL EVOLUTION Broad outlines of pre-historic cultures (India and Europe)

1) Paleolithic

2) Mesolithic

3) Neolithic

4) Chalcolithic

5) Iron age

6) Gelogical time scale

7) The great Ice age

8) A brief account of stone tool Typology and Technology and methods of problems of dating.
SUBJECT : ELECTIVE COURSE IN PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY SECTION-II:

(A) PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY UNIT I ORGANIC EVOLUTION Process and Principles of Evolution - Convergence, divergence, parallelism, adaptive Radiation, speciation, and irreversibility; Theories of Evolution - Lamarckism and Neo-Lamarckism, Darwinism and Neo-Darwinism, synthetic theory and Natural selection in man, Bio-cultural Evolution in man.
UNIT -II PRIMATES Distribution, classification and characteristics of primates - position of man in the animal kingdom - morphological and Anatomical characteristics of Apes and man; Erect posture and Bipedalism; primate social behavior.
UNIT- III HUMAN EVOLUTION Phylogenetic status, distribution and characteristics of the following:- 1) Ramapithecus 2) Australopithecines 3) Home erectus 4) Neanderthals 5) Modern man Theories of Human Evolution.
UNIT- IV CONCEPTS IN GENETICS Scope and branches, development of human genetics, cell structure, Mitosis Meiosis, Mendel's laws of inheritance, patterns of inheritance, multiple alleles, sex linkage and crossing over, lethal genes - mutation - methods of studying heredity, population genetics - Hardy -weinberg's law: Definition and Application: Breading population - mating patterns - Random, Assertative and inbreeding - inbreeding coefficient - and Genetic load. Natural selection; Genetic polymorphism concept, balanced and transient.
UNIT- V HUMAN BIOCHEMICAL VARIATION Blood groups: ABO,RH,MN,HLA system - Blood groups and diseases; Red cell enzymes; G6PD, LDH, MDH, serum proteins; Haptoglobin and Transfernins; Hemoglobin Normal and Abnormal; - Hbs and malaria (invorn errors of) metabolism - phenylketenuria, Alkaptonuria and galactosemia.
UNIT- VI HUMAN CYTOGENETICS Chromosome structure, chromosal polymorphism, Chromosomal abberation, structural and numerical; Translocations. Human genetics and society - Genetic counselling - Screening and genetic engineering.
UNIT- VII RACE Concept of Race, definiton, classification, racial criteria and distribution, major Racial groups of the world and their characteristics. UNESCO Statement - Race relations.
UNIT- VIII HUMAN GROWTH Human growth and development, stages of growth and their characteristics. Factors affecting the growth. Growth variation in world populations.
UNIT- IX PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Age and sex variation in physiological characteristics: Hb level, body fat, pulse rate blood pressure, Respiratory functions - sense perception in Populations. Effect of smoking, Air pollution, occupational hazards on cadio - respiratory functions. Human adaptations to different Ecological conditions. Hot, cold and High attitude.
UNIT- X APPLIED PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOG a) Anthropometry and its uses b) Forensic Anthropology c) DNA Technology and the prevention of genetic diseases.
SECTION- II: (B) THEORIES OF CULTURE AND SOCIAL TRUCTURE Concepts of culture Theories of culture and social structure Concepts and Theories of social and culture change Approaches to the study of culture and societya) Classical evolution b) Neo-evolutionism and cultural ecology. c) Historical particularism and diffusionism d) Functionalism e) Structural-functionalism f) Structuralism g) Culture and personality h) Transactionalism I) Symbolism, Cognitive approach and new-ethnography Ethnicity, cultural relativism and cultural particularism Role of field work in the development of anthropological theory. Contributions of Anthropology to gender studies Role of Anthropology in Future studies.
PAPER-II INDIAN ANTHROPOLOGY

1. India as a socio-cultural entity
2.Evolution of the Indian culture and civilizatioin:Prehistoric(Paleolithic, mesolithic and Neolithic) Protohistoric (Indus civilization) Vedic and post Vedic beginnings. Contributions of tribal cultures
3. Domographic profile of India: Ethnic and linguistic elements in the Indian population and their distribuion. Indian population, its structure, growth and factors influencing. A critical evalution of the Indian population policy with focus on Tamil Nadu Population.
4. The basis of the Indian social system: Varna, ashrama, purushartha, karma, rina and rebirth, joint family and the caste system.
5. Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity on Indian society.
6. Growth of anothropology in India:Contributions of the 19th century and early 20th century scholar administrators;contribution of Indian anthropoligists to tribal and caste studies; concept used in the study of Indian society and culture: Little traditions and Great traditions, universalization and parochialisation, sanskritisation and westernization, village studies,tribe-caste continum,dominante caste, nataure-man-spirit complex, sacred complex.
7. (a) Tribal situation in India:Biogenetic variability, Linguistic and socio- economic characteristics of the tribal population and their distributions. Racial classification in India.(b) Problems of the tribal communities:Land alientation, poverty, indebtedness, low literacy, poor educational facilities unemployment, under employment, health, nutrition; developmental policies and tribal displacement and problems of rehabilitation; development of forest policy and tribals. Impact of unbanisaction and industrialization on tribal and rural population.(c) Tribal situation in Tamil Nadu - communities, distribution, and problems. (d) Ethnographic profiles of the Teda, kotas and kurumbas of nilgiris, the malayalis, Irulas, paliyans and paniyans and kadars of Tamil Nadu.
8. History of administraion of tribal areas, tribal policies,plans, programmes of tribal development and their implementation. Role of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO'S) in Tamil Nadu.
9. Consitutional safeguards for scheduled tribes and scheduled castes, social change and contemprorary trible societies: impact of modern democratic institutional development programmes and welfare measures on tribals. Most Backward Classes, Backward Classes and Weaker sections: emergence of ethnicity and tribal movements.
10. Role of antropology in tribal, rural and urban development, contributions of antropology to the under standing of regionalism, communalism etho-political movements and national integration.
Note : Candidate may opt either II(a) or II (b) . Section - II(a) Physical Anthropology Section II(b) - Theories of Culture and Social Structure.

TNPSC(TAMIL NADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION)EXAM:PAPER-ANCIENT HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY

(POST-GRADUTE STANDARD)
UNIT - I
History of Archaeology Definition, aim and scope of Archaeology - History and growth of Indian Archaeology- Salvage Archaeology- Underwater Archaeology – Archaeology and Science (Geo-archaeology, Anthropology, Environmental Archaeology, Archaeo-zoology, Palaeontology, Archaeo-botany)- Ethno-archaeology- Experimental Archaeology- Recent trends in Archaeological investigation (Remote Sensing, Aerial Photography, GIS, GPS, GPR, Photogrammetry, Digitalization, Digital Mapping etc.,)
UNIT - II
Field Archaeology Techniques of Exploration – Excavation Methods (Horizontal, Vertical and Burial excavations)- Sorting and preparation of Pottery yard– Documentation and Interpretation of excavated material – Excavation report writing – On spot Preservation methods of excavation material – Dating methods - Relative Dating (Stratigraphy, Typology) Absolute Dating (Carbon 14, Potassium Argon, Thermo luminescence, Dentro-chronology, Pollen Analysis, Varve Clay Analysis, Fission Track, Fluorine Test, Nitrogen and Phosphate Analysis, Soil Analysis) – Major Excavations in Tamil Nadu, Attirampakkam, Gudiyam, Paiyampalli, Adichchanallur, Sanur, Kunnattur, Arikkamedu, Kaveripumpattinam, Tirukampuliyur and Alagarai, Alagankulam, Korkai, Kodumanal and Uraiyur.
UNIT – III
Pre & Proto History Definition, terminology and periodization - Quaternary Archaeology and environmental conditions, flora and fauna- Stone tool technology, typology,material and study of stone artefacts – Survey of Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic cultures (distribution, artefacts, technology, raw material, economy, contextual occurrence of tools, chronology, types sites)- Important region and sites (Sohan Valley, Narmada valley, Kortalaiyar river basin, Bhimbetka, Attirampakkam, Gudiyam) - Survey of Mesolithic cultures with special reference to Teri sites – Distribution of Neolithic Culture in India (Paiyampalli)- Rock Art (Distribution, style, pigment, content, Recording system, interpretation of rock art, dating of rock art) – Pre-Harappan and Harappan culture (settlement pattern, town planning, water management,environment acclimatization) - Chalcolithic Cultures (Banas, Copper hoard,Kayatha, Malwa, Jorwe and cultures, O.C.P., Painted Grey ware Cultures) -Iron Age cultures – Types of Megalithic in Tamil Nadu.
UNIT – IV
Ancient History Vedic period- Maurya period- Sangam period (socio-economic condition)-
Sunga-Satavahana period- Gupta period- Pallava-Pandya period- Chalukyasof Badami- Pratiharas- Chandellas- Paramaras- Rastrakutas- Cholas- Palas-Later Chalukyas -Hoysalas-Later Pandyas- Vijayanagara period. – Political Cultural.
UNIT – VEpigraphy Development of writing (Pictography, Ideography, Syllabic and Logo-Syllabic to Alphabet) - Epigraphy as a source of Indian history - Writing materials and antiquity of writing in India - Origin and development of Brahmi and Kharoshthi scripts - Eras and Dates in Indian inscriptions - Study of some important inscriptions from north and south India (Asokan Rock Edicts, Mangulam Brahmi Inscription Hathigumpha inscription of Kharavela, Junagadh inscription of Rudradaman I, Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta,Aihole inscription of Pulakesin II, Mandagapattu inscription of Mahendravarman I, Uttiramerur inscription of Parantaka I, Manur inscription of Maran Cadaiyan, Larger Leiden Plates, - South Indian Scripts (Tamil-Brahmi and its distribution, Pallava-Grantha, Vatteluttu, Tamil script)
UNIT – VI
Numismatics
Numismatics as a source of history- Origin and antiquity of coinage in India -
Technique of minting coins (Punch-marked, cast, die-struck, etc.)- Broad
characteristics and identification of dynastic coins: Punch-marked, Indo-
Greek, Satavahana, Kushan, Gupta, Indo-Sassanian, Sangam Coins, Roman Coins in Tamil Nadu, Imperial Chola Coinage, Pandya, Vijayanagara and Nayak coinage, coins of colonial period.
UNIT – VII
Art and Architecture
Pre & Proto historic Art in India – Harappan town planning- Art and
Architecture under the Maurya, Sunga, Satavahana, Kushan, Gupta, Pallava,Pandya, Chalukya, Rashtrakuta, Chola, Hoysala, Later Chalukyas, Kalingas,Chandellas, Paramaras, and Vijayanagara-Nayak period.- Buddhist architecture (South, North and Western India), Cave architecture, Monolithic temple- Mathura school of art, Gandhara school of art and Amaravati school of art- Early and medieval mural paintings– technique and styles; with special reference to Ajanta , Sittannavasal, Ellora, Thanjavur, etc. – Terracotta art-Bronzes (technique, style and distribution with special reference to Chola and Pala period)
UNIT - VIII
Iconography
Antiquity and concept of Indian iconography - Brief introduction to sources,mudras, asanas and ayudhas of deities - Brahmanical Iconography (Siva,Vishnu, Surya, Brahma, Ganesa, Karttikeya, Goddess, Navagrahas, Ashtadikpalas and other minor divinities) - Buddhist Iconography ( Hinayana,Mahayana, Vajrayana, Mantrayana, etc.) - Jain Iconography- JainaTirtankaras- Yakshas ans Yakshinis.
UNIT – IX
Museology
Introduction to Museology (Definition of museology)-History of development of Museums in India- Types of museums, their scope and functions- Museum Collection (field exploration, excavation, purchase, gift and bequests, loans and deposits, exchanges, treasure trove, confiscation and others)-Documentation, Interpretation, Accessioning, Indexing, Cataloguing, Digital documentation and De-accessioning- Museum management and administration- Museum conservation, preservation and restoration- Museum Presentation / Exhibition (Types of exhibits and exhibitions, exhibition designing, planning, fabrication, installation and related issues)- Principles of display for permanent exhibition and reserve collection (Objectives and communication goals, target audience, concept development, story line, designing and layout of exhibits, gallery development, space, showcases and structural installations, colour scheme, lighting, labels & scripts, evaluation)
UNIT – X
Conservation
History of archaeological conservation - General principles and guidelines for conservation and preservation of monuments / sites and excavated remains -International conventions on conservation / preservation of monuments-Salvaging and transplantation of monuments- Methods of Conservation of Brick, stone, Wood, Metals and alloys, Non-ferrous metals, mortar – Causes and remedies of deterioration- Bio-deterioration-Clay pack method, Paper pulp technique – Other important methods of conservation (Grouting by pressure and gravity, Pointing, Underpinning, Stitching, filleting, etc.)- Air pollution- heritage management –major conservation on India (Taj Mahal, Mamallapuram, Ajanta, Bijapur (Gol Gumbad), Puri (Jaganath temple),
Konarak (Sun temple) – Laws related to protection of cultural properties Archaeological works code.

Selected Reference Books

Banerjee N. R. Museum and cultural heritage in India
Bedekar, Vasant Hari New Museology for India, National Museum Institute
(New Delhi)
Binford, L.R, 1968 New Perspectives in Archaeology, Aldine,
Chicago.
Brothwell, D.R., 1982, Digging up Bones, 3rd edition, Cornel
University Press, Ithaca, New York, London.
Brown, Percy 1956 Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu
Periods), D.B. Taraporewale Sons and Company, Bombay.
Buhler, G 1962 Indian Paleography, 2 edn, Calcutta
Buhler, Georg., 2004 Indian Palaeography., Munshiram Manoharlal, New
Delhi.
Childe, V. Gordon, 1956, Piecing Together the Past, Routledge and
Kegan Paul, London..
Childe, V. Gordon, 1960, A Short Introduction to Archaeology,
Collier, New York.
Childe, V. Gordon, 1960, What happened in History, Penguin
Books, London.
Dayalan. D., 1995 Monolithic Temples of Madya Pradesh, Bharatiya
Kala Prakashan, Delhi.
Delhi, India)
Drewett l.Peter, 1999, Field Archaeology – An Inroduction, UCL
Press, London.
Fergusson, J. 1910 History of Indian and Eastern Architecture,
(2 Vols), John Murray Publication.
Ghosh, A., (ed)1989, An Encyclopaedia of Indain Archaeology,
(2 Vols), Munshriram Manoharlal Puyblishers, Delhi
Gopinath Rao, T.A. 1971 Elements of Hindu Iconography,
(2 Vols), Indological Book House, Varanasi.
Gupta. P.L., 1979, Coins, 2nd eds National Book Trust, India, New
Delhi.
Krishna Deva. 1977 Temples of North India, 2nd edn, National
Book Trust, Delhi.
Meister, W. Michael (ed) 1983 Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple
Architecture – South India: Lower Dravidadesa, 200 B.C. – A.D.
1324, American Institute of Indian Studies, University of
Pennsylvania Press, Delhi.
5
Mitra, Debala., 1971, Buddhist Monuments, Sahitya Samsad,
Calcutta.
Narasimhamurthi. A.V., 1993, Studies in South Indian Coins, New
Era Publications, Madras.
Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. 1955 The Colas, 2nd edn, University of
Madras.
Pillai, Swamikannu L.D., 1982, An Indian Ephemeris A.D. 700 To A.D. 1799,
Agam Prakashan, Delhi.
Ramachandran, K. S. 1971 Bibliography of Indian Megaliths,
Madras.
Ramachandran, K. S. 1980, Archaeology of South India – Tamil
Nadu, Sundeep Prakashan, Delhi..
Raman. K.V. 1986 Principles and Methods of Archaeology,
Parthajan Publication, Madras.
Sankalia, H.D, 1974 Prehistory and Proto-History of India &
Pakistan, Revised Edition, Poona.
Sivaramamurti, C. 1952 Indian Epigraphy and South Indian
Script, Govt. Press, Madras
Soundara Rajan, K.V. 1972 Indian Temple Styles, Munshiram
Manoharlal, Delhi.
Soundara Rajan, K.V. 1978 The Art of South India Tamil Nadu &
Kerala, Sundeep Prakashan, Delhi.
Soundara Rajan, K.V. 1994, Kaveripattinam Excavations 1963-73
(A Port City on the Tamil Nadu Coast), Archaeological Survey of
India, New Delhi.
Srinivasan, K. R. 1964 Cave-Temples of the Pallavas, Architectural
Survey of India, No. 1, Archaeological Survey of India, Delhi.
Srinivasan, K. R. 1975 The Dharmaraja Ratha and Its Sculptures,
Mahabalipuram, Abhubav Publication, Delhi.
Srinivasan, K. R. 1979 Temples of South India, 2nd edn, National
Book Trust, Delhi.
Wheeler, R.E.M. 1954, Archaeology from the Earth, London.
Zeuner, F.E, 1970 Dating the Past, London.
Romila Thapar, 1973 Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas.
Nilakanta Sastri, K. A.,1958 A History of South India: From the
Earliest times to Vijayanagar.
Mahalingam, T.V., 1967 South Indian Polity, University of Madras,
Chennai,
Subramaniam, N., Sangam Polity
Nilakanta Sastry, K.A.,1982 The Pandyan Kingdom, Swathi
Publications, Chennai,.
Balambal, V., Feudatories in South India,
Appadorai, A., 1936 Economic Conditions in Southern India,
University of Madras, Chennai,.
Mahadevan, Iravatham, 2003 Early Tamil Epigraphy, Cre-A,
Chennai.
Sivaramamurthi, C.,1961 Indian Sculpture, Bombay,
6
Percy Brown, Indian Architecture.
Balasubramaniyan, S.R., 1971 Early Chola Temples, Orient
Longman,
Balasubramaniyan, S.R.,1975 Middle Chola Temples, Thomson
Press India Ltd.,
Balasubramaniyan, S.R., 1979 Later Chola Temples, Mudgala
Trust,
Sivamurhty C. Indian Bronzes
Banerjee, N.R. Museum and Cultural Hertage of India.
Agrawal, O.P. Care and preservation of Museum objects
Relevant excavation reports published by the Archaeological Survey
of India, State Department of Archaeology and Universities

TNPSC(TAMIL NADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION)EXAM:PAPER-AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION

POST GRADUATE DEGREE STANDARD

UNIT -I Sustainable Rural Development: - Meaning , indicators - situational, Socio-economic and Psychological factors. Andragogy, Pedagogy learning - concepts and principles. Distance learning - concepts, feature and application. Organizational climate -learning situation,motivation and participatory learning Action (PLA).
UNIT -II Extension methods and communication technology: Selection and use of A.V.Aids and Media mix. Videography and Photography-scope and importance.
UNIT -IIIPlanning and execution of extension programmes: Principles and steps in programme planning. Evaluation: Methods of evaluation and SWOT Analysis. (S=Strength, W=Weakness, O=Opportunity and T=Threat) as applicable in Agricultural Extension. Team work and Group. Action - concepts, characteristics and importance.
UNIT -IV Leadership and Training - Traits or Qualities of a leader, role of leadership, Identification and training of leaders and extension workers.
UNIT- V Measurement techniques in extension - Attitude scale construction, Reliability and validity tests. Different methods designs and computer software for extension research.
UNIT- VI Agricultural management and Techniques: Management Information System (MIS) Transaction Analysis (TA) Management organizational stress and forcast techniques-meaning, scope, importance and application in Extension.
UNIT- VII Diffusion of Innovations and Adoption process (Innovation - Decision process): Stages, models, categories characters and consequences.
UNIT- VIII Man power planning, Human Resource Management (HRM) and Human Resource Development (HRD): concepts, scope and importance. Youth work in Extensions: Rural Agricultural Work experience (RAWEP). Role objectives and steps in formation of youth clubs, involvement of NGO's (Non-Governemntal Organi-zations) and Co-operatives in extension work.
UNIT- IX Comparitive Agricultural Extension: Organization of extension services in differeent countries Developmental programmes in India, Indigeneous technical Knowledge (ITK) and its' role in Farming system and extension Research (FSER), Technology Assessment Research(TAR) under NATP ( National Agricultural Technology Project), Privatization of extension in the light of GATT and liberalised economy and Demand Driven extension.
UNIT- X Entreprenership Development among farmers and decision making in Extension: Approaches and Strategies.
PAPER -II
UNIT- I Dynamics of Social change and development meaning, concepts and dimensions. Experential learning - learning cycle and steps. Cone of learning experience - Social Psychology and Educaiton Psychology as applied to Extension. Computer based learning meaning, concept and application.
UNIT- II Culture culture lag, Dynamics of Population, Social Legislations in India, planned change, community Development and Panchayat Raj, Special Development Projects, Rural Problems and People's participation - scope and importance in extension.
UNIT- III Group thinking and understanding roles of members, conflicting individual role in group, individual blocks. Ten commandments of good communication, community information service and libraries, Art of talking - telephone talk and Art of writing for farmers
UNIT- IV Curriculum development, Educational technology and essentials in Educaiton -Problem solving in teaching; Teacher training centres, Evaluation of student performance.
UNIT- V Training need assessment (TNA), Organizaiton of training programme; Induction, Inservice and on the Job training, Extension role of Agricultural University, Manage(Centre for Management of Agriculturel Extension) and Extension Education Institutes. Future trust of extension education.
UNIT- VI Levels of measurement and socio-metric techniques, Scientific report writing.
UNIT- VII Supervision and Administration - meaning. Scope, Characteristics, function - organization - meaning concept and nature - scalar principales - meaning and principles of Supervision - Qualities of a supervisor. Innovation characteristcs, Reasons for non-adoption
UNIT- VIII Symbolic Adoption and Adoption Quotient Agri-business manage: Scope and importance.
UNIT- IX Mass Media consumpiton in a rural community, Agricultural Journalism and Human Relations in Organizations and human behaviour in Extension Educaiton - concept and importance.
UNIT- X Acumen and enpertise (Media ware) - Still pictures, Chalk Board, Bulletin Board, Lighting Exhibits, Slides, Film strips, Opaque, Overhead and Film protection Televiosn and video recordings. Adroitness and trouble shooting - maintenance tips for Media ware, computer generated agricultural information materials and Photonic informaiton Technology.

TNPSC(TAMIL NADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION)EXAM:PAPER-AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

POST GRADUATE DEGREE STANDARD

UNIT- I Micro and macro economics - Agricultural economics : Nature and scope - consumer behaviour and theories - utility - indifference curve - revealed preference theory - elasticity of demand - theory of production and costs - theory of firm - profit maximisation and duality - Dynamic demand and supply function.
UNIT -II Market Structure - factor market - perfect competition - monopoly - monopolistic competition - oligopoly - general equilibrium analysis - income distribution - social choice theory- Public goods - welfare economics.
UNIT- III National income - concepts and accounting - Keynesian economics, consumption, investment and government expenditure - concept of multiplier and accelerator -money market - interest - integration of money and product and labour markets.
UNIT -IV Inflation: Theories and Policies - employment - banking - public finance - fiscal and and monetary policy - business cycles - economic growth - economic liberalisation and macro economic policies - rational expectations - institutional economics.
UNIT- V Role of agriculture in economic development - agriculture in five year plants -agriculture Vs. industry - agricultural resources - food and nutritional security - land tenure and reforms - poverty inequality and unemployment - measurement of development - population policies.
UNIT- VI Theories of agricultural development - rural development programmes - gender discrimination.
UNIT -VII Agricultural marketing: concepts - maraket functions - structure - marketing efficiency regulated market, co-operative marketing - Warehousing and commodity boards - future markets.
UNIT- VIII Agricultural input markets - Commission on agricultural costs and prices - methods of agricultural price fixing - price support programmes - agricultural supply and demand models - agricultural subsidies - time series analysis of agricultural prices - commodity models - spatial equilibrium of agricultural market.
UNIT- IX Agricultural finance - sources of agricultural finance - commercial banks and co-operative banks - credit structure - evaluation of agricultural credit policies - service area approach - NABARD- Self help groups - performance of agricultural credit programmes
UNIT- X Agricultural project preparation - project cycle - defining and identification of costs and benefits - measures of project worth - project appraisal and management - B2-C2 - ratio, NPV and IRR - sensitivity analysis - use of network technique - project monitoring and evaluation.

PAPER -II

UNIT- I Farm management - definition - application of economic principles in farm management relationship between farm management and production economics - resource management and allocation - yield gap - returns to scale - economics of scale - technology and input use - decision theory and expected utility hypothesis.
UNIT- II Optimisation of farm resource use - factor - factor, factor-product and product- product relationships - forms of production functions - production in dynamic setting policy impact on production - cost concepts - types of risk - estimation of risk - management response to risk - risk programming.
UNIT- III Farm efficiency - technical and economic - farm efficiency measures - balance sheet -income statement - farm records - farm planning - partial budgeting, whole farm bedgetting, linear programming, investment analysis.
UNIT- IV Natural resources : Renewable and non-renewable - land, land use pattern - land degradation - land use planning - optimal management of land, water, forests and fisheries - energy management - common property resources -investment decisions related to resource development - relationship between conservation, extraction and exploitation of resources - dynamics of resource use planning for economic growth and sustainality - resource mapping: GIS and remote sensing data - natural resource use policies, incentives, and programmes.
UNIT- V Concept and theory of enviornmental economics - environmental problems of developing countries - conflict between technology and environmental protection - measurement of environmental impact - Environmental protection : legislation, taxes, subsidies and effluent charges - role of government in resource and environmental management.
UNIT- VIScope and gains from international Trade-Terms of trade comparative costs -trade policy -tariffs and quotas for agricultural commodities - effects of monopoly, cartels and price discrimination - state trading in agricultural commodities - case for free- multilateral Trade.
UNIT- VII Balance of trade and balance of payment - foreign exchange: fixed, ,multiple and flexible rates - IMF, IBRD, IDA and IFC on agricultural development of developing countries - import and export procedures - impact of GATT and WTO on international agricultural trade - financing of export of agricultural products -infrastructure for promoting agricultural exports.
UNIT- VIII Importance and scope of research in agricultural economics - approach to research research process - hypothesis formation - testing of hypothesis - sampling theory and sampling design - probaility theory - survey methods - questionnaire designing and testing - rural rapid appraisal (RRA) Vs Household survey.
UNIT -IX Econometrics - definition - simple regression - multiple regression - OLS and MLE estimation - multicollinearity, hetero scedasticity and autocorrelation - estimation of simultaneous equation - applications of econometrics to agricultural policy analysis.
UNIT- X Linear programming : Concepts and theories - problems formulation - minimisation and maximisation problem - simplex method - duality - sensitivity analysis of the LP model Applications of LP in farm planning and regional planning.

TNPSC(TAMIL NADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION)EXAM:AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY

POST GRADUATE DEGREE STANDARD

UNIT- I SOIL GENESIS Soil geology - Geomorphology & Geochemistry - origin of earth - Geological formation of India-Soil forming rocks and minerals and their classification - weathering of rocks and minerals and their classification - weathering of rocks and minerals - weathering stability, sequences - agencies and weathering indices - factors of soil formation - soil forming process .
UNIT -II REMOTE SENSING Fundamentals of remote sensing - definition, kinds - characteristics of electromagnetic radiation - remote sensors and their application - aerial photography - stereoscopy - kinds merits and demerits of aerial photography and remote sensing - aerial photo interpretations- satellite data acquisition - elements of imagery - kinds - interpretations and classification.
UNIT- III SOIL TAXONOMY AND LANDUSE PLANNING Soil classification - concepts - early and modern systems of classification - USDA soil taxonomy - Diagnostic horizons - world soil groups - soils of India and Tamil Nadu. Soil survey - concepts and objectives - methods of soil survey - soil resource inventory-soil mapping units - Soil map - cartography and soil survey reports - Land use planning. Land use maps - Soil correlation - Land capability classification - Irrigability classification Soil, land and crop suitability classification - productivity rating of soil - storie index - Soil based agro technology transfer.
UNIT- IV SOIL PHYSICS ( Texture, Structure are Soil air) Physical composition of soil, soil texture - soil separates mechanical analysis. Soil structure - types - structures formation - structural indices - soil structure and plant growth Infiltration rate - Hydraulic conductivity - permeability Laws of soil water movement - Their application in soil system. Soil air - composition, significance -factors influencing composition - soil air indices - ODR - Soil aeration and plant growth.
UNIT -V SOIL PHYSICS (Soil temperature, soil water and soil physical constraints) Soil temperature - importance - Thermal properties of soils and the factors influencing them - soil temperature and plant growth. Soil moisture - soil water balance - drainage seepage - evaporation - transpiration - nutrient movements - absorption of water - factors affecting absorption - absorptions of solutes - water use efficiencies and plant growth modes. Soil physical constraints and their managements.
UNIT -VI SOIL CHEMISTRY Chemical composition of soil - mineral and organic constituents - transformation of major and secondary nutrients under upland and gardenland conditions. Clay minerals-Nature and structure - properties - Nomenclature and classification - fixation of nutrients soil fertility as ibfluenced by clay minerals - Molar ratio - Dispersion and aggregation of clay colloids - clay humus complex - soil colloids - organic and inorganic properties - Electrical double layer - Helmholtz, sterm and Gouy layers - Isoelectric point zeta potential - Flocculation - Absorption and desorption - Ion exchange reactions-cation and anion exchange - Ion exchange equations - Soil reactions - Soil buffering capacity - Genesis, nature and properties of acids, acid sulphate, saline and alkali soils and their managements - Determination of lime and Gypsum requirement.
UNIT- VII SOIL FERTILITY Soil fertility - concept of nutrient availability - soil fertility evaluation - concept of critical limit - Principles and methods of soil test crop response studies - Response functions. Soil testing - objectives - Soil test and crop response studies - Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system approach.. Fertilizer recommendations for targetted field - Economics of fertilizer use.
UNIT- VIII DYNAMICS OF NUTRIENT IN SOILS Nitrogen cycle - sources - Nitrogen fixation - Transformation in flooded and upland soils immobilisation - mineralisation - Nitrogen in relation to atmospheric pollution. Phosphorus cycle - sources inorganic and organic fractions of soils - Fixation and transformation - availability - phosphate potential - intensity and quantity factors Phosphate buffering capacity.
UNIT- IX DYNAMICS OF NUTRIENTS IN SOILS Chemistry of soil potassium - fixation - Activity ratio - Dynamics - equilibirium Factors influencing availability in soil. Secondary and micronutrients - sources, forms, transformation and availability in soil. Chelation - advantages.
UNIT -X SOIL ORGANIC MATTER Nature, formation and properties of soil organic matter - sources of soil organic matter - Biochemistry of humus formation - Fractionation - Chemical properties -organic mettalic complexes - Nutrient availability - Recycling of organic wastes-organic farming.

PAPER -II UNIT I ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Gravimetric estimation - Principles involved in estimation of Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphate. Volumetric estimation - preparation of standard solutions - Indicaters, buffers - Instrumental methods of analysis - colorimetry - Flame Photometry - Automic Absorption Spectrophotometry - Potentiometry Conductometry - Chromotography.
UNIT- IIBIO-CHEMISTRY (Carbohydrates & Proteins) Carbohydrates - occurence and classification, structure, synthesis and properties, Proteins-Classification, structure, synthesis and properties. Aminoacids-Classification, structure and properties
UNIT -III BIO-CHEMISTRY (Lipids, pigments, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, hormones and alkaloids) Lipids-Classification - properties - Physical and chemical constants of Oils. Phospholipids- types and importance. Plant pigments - structure and functions of chlorophyll and carotenoids. Enzymes - classification - properties affecting enzyme actions. Co-factors and co-enzymes. Vitamins and minerals - sources - deficiency and corrective measures sures. Harmones-classification and functions. Alkaloids-classification and functions.
UNIT -IV CHEMISTRY OF CROPS Classification of plant nutrients - requirements -mobility - mechanism of ion absorption - uptake -factors affecting absporption. Biosynthesis of carbohydrates, proteins and fats in cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fibres, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables, tubers, narcotics, beverages and medicinal plants. Deficiency, toxicity and corrective measures of plant nutrients. Chemical changes during germination,growth and maturity. Organic manures, fertilizers and pesticides on quality of crop produce - storage of crop produce - Nutritive value of important crop produce.
UNIT- V CHEMISTRY OF FERTILIZERS Fertilizer production and consumption - statistics - Chemistry and technology of nitrogenous fertilizers - classification - properties - slow release nitrogenous fertilizers - chemistry and technology of phosphatic fertilizers - classification -properties. Potassic fertilizers - classification - properties. Complex fertilizers mixed fertilizers - chemistry and technology of production. Secondary and micronutrient fertilizers - sources, production and properties. Quality control of fertilizers - Fertilizers control order - physical and chemical standards of straight, complex and mixed fertilizers - fertilizer use efficiency. Role of chemical fertilizers in crop production and environmental pollution. Integrated plant Nutrient system Management.
UNIT -VI FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT Fertilizer use efficiency with organics, biofertilizers and crop residues fortified and enricxhed organic manures - Integrated plant nutrient system - Management of fertilizers in substainable Agriculture.
UNIT -VII CHEMISTRY OF PESTICIDES Pesticides - formulation - Insecticides - classification - methods of preparation properties and mode of action. Natural organic and inorganic insecticides - synthetic organic insecticides - Organochlorine, organo phosphorus compounds carbarates - structure and activity relationship. Herbicides - classification - structure - method of preparation - properties - mode of action - principles in the analysis of pesticides -residues of persticides in soils and crops - pesticides and fertilizer interaction - pesticide control order - pesticides in relating to enviornmental pollution-human and animal health.
UNIT- VIII ISOTOPES IN AGRICULTURE Isotopes in Agriculture - stable and radio active isotopes - properties - energy of radiation - absorption and scattering of particles and radiation - Nuclear fission and fusion - Detection and measurements of radio activity - Mass spectrophotometer - uses and limitations - principles of equipments used in analysis of radioisotopes. Uses of stable and radio isotopes in Agriculture - Nutrient movement, irrigation management,crop growth, plant protection, pollution monitoring - Radiation hazard waste disposal.
UNIT -IX ECOSYSTEM AND SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION Agricultural ecosystem - climate and agriculture- soil, water, atmosphere and plant relationship - Recycling of agricultural wastes - bioconversion - vermiculture and vermicomposting - pollution - General classification, soil water and air pollution -global warming - Heavy Metal pollution - sources and remedies - solid and sewage waste disposal - recycling - Industrial pollutants - impact on soil and water-management of pollution for sustainable agriculture.
UNIT- X IRRIGATION WATER QUALITY AND ITS MANAGEMENT Quality of irrigation water - methods of chemical analysis - different idices for fixing the quality. Effect of quality on soil properties and plant growth - classification of irrigation water computation of salts - Principles and management of problem water for irrigation.

TNPSC(TAMIL NADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION)EXAM:PAPER-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

POST GRADUATE DEGREE STANDARD

UNIT I Weather and crop production - Agro-ecological zones and geographical distribution of crop plants in Tamill Nadu. Cropping systems - different types and their importance in food production- Package of practices followed for major crops and cropping systems in Tamil Nadu.
UNIT II Water Management - Integrated water management - common area management-Different efficiencies in irrigation management-Irrigation management under constraints of irrigation water. Weed management-Important weeds and their distribution in Tamill Nadu-Integrated weed management.
UNIT III Tillage and Dry land agriculture - Tillage Management under wet and dry land agriculture water harvesting techniques - Technologies for increasing agricultural production in rainfed agriculture. Agroforestry-Waste land development - Problems and Prospects in Tamilnadu - Farm forestry Agroforestry Social forestry, Natural forestry.
UNIT IV Soil types of Tamilnadu and their important Physico-chemical properties and their management-problem soils - management-soil fertility management Integrated Nutrient management.
UNIT V Seed production in Vegetatively propogated crops - Seed processing - Dormancy Seed treatment - Seed pelleting - Seed Certification Certified seed production -Seed Act, New seed policy-seed storage-seed industry-Management of Physiological disorders in crop plants.
UNIT VI Germplasm-crop genetic resources-Mass selection-Hybridization and selection Mutation breeding-Production technologies for ornamentals, vegetables,fruits, spices,Plantation crops,indoor and Medicinal plants - Role of growth regulators in vegetables and fruit production.
UNIT VII Pest - Definition - categories of pests-pest control - natural, artificial-pest management IPM - IPM for important pests and nematodes - Role of parasites, predators,pathogens (NPV,Bt,Fungus) in IPM - store grain pest management.
UNIT VIII Disease - Surveillance - Assessment and forecasting integrated disease management for important plants - Role of antogonistic organisms. Biotechnological approaches in disease Management.
UNIT IX Farming systems-Integrated farming systems Farm planning and budgeting. Farm business management - farm management-principles and decision making Management of resources - land, labour,capital and machinery. Farm financial management - Agricultural marketing management - world trade concept economic liberalisation - GATT.
UNIT X Use of modern agricultural information systems - Transfer of technology - importance in agricultural development - Principles of farm journalism - participatory technology development - Role of women in agriculture.
PAPER -II
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AND COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
UNIT IGreen revolution in India - After effects - Definitions of Natural Farming, Traditional farming - Their concepts and scope - Natural Farming - Institutions- their activities and role.
UNIT IIEnvironmental problems in developing countries - conflict between technology and environmental protection.
UNIT III Pesticides consumption and hazards - emerging trends in their use.
UNIT IV Role of biopesticides - Botanicals, Microbials, Pheromones, Parasitoids and predators in IPM.
UNIT V Role of biofertilizers in IPM.
UNIT VI Organic farming - concept and relevance in the present day agriculture - problems andremedies - Encouragement and dissemination for effective practicing of organic farming.
UNIT VII Production and marketing of important biocontrol agents - Egg, larval and pupal parasitoids, Predators and Pathogens (NPV, BT, Fungus) - Antagonistic fungi (Trichoderma).
UNIT VIII Production and marketing of important biofertilizers -production of mushrooms.
UNIT IX Production Technology for important flower crops - vegetables and tree crops -Landscaping, Ornamental gardening - Biotechnology - Transgenic plants.
UNIT X Agriculture and Sericulture.

TNPSC(TAMIL NADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION)EXAM:SYLLABUS.PAPER -ENGLISH

(DESCRIPTIVE TYPE)
FOR GROUP - I MAIN WRITTEN EXAMINATION ONLY
S.S.L.C STANDARD
I Match the following words and phrases given in Column A with their meanings in column B. Two or three extra items may be given in one of the two columns.

II Frame sentences with the given idioms ( Very commonly used, simple idioms may be given).

III Framing sentences with the words and forms such as Noun, verb, Adjective, etc., as directed in brackets. Ten items may be given.

IV Framing sentences using the given pair of words which sound alike, so as to bring out the differences in their meanings. Five pairs may be given, each pair carrying six marks.

V Correcting grammatical errors in the given sentences. A total number of five errors may be given each carrying three marks. The number of sentences may vary.

VI Rewriting sentences as directed : -

(1) Active and Passive voice.

(2) Simple, Complex and Compound Sentences.

(3) Degree of Comparison.

(4) Direct and Indirect Speech.

(5) Interrogative Sentences and question tags, etc. Five sentences (each carrying three marks) one sentence for each item mentioned above may be framed.

VII Drafting a suitable reply to an official or business letter, whose contents are given in the question.
VIII Summarising a given passage in one's own words not exceeding one-third of the length of the original (of about 1000 words). The passage chosen may be of general interest and relatively simple.

IX Writing two short essays in about 250-300 words on given topics. Three or four topics may be given relating to social, cultural scientific and political issues.

X Comprehension of a prose passage(of about 400 words). To answer, in a sentence or two, the ten questions that follow, The passage to be chosen may be simple in language and thought.

TNPSC(TAMIL NADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION)EXAM:SYLLABUS.

(OBJECTIVE TYPE)

S.S.L.C STANDARD
Code: 001
1. GENERAL SCIENCE Will Cover General appreciation and understanding of Science including matters of everyday observations and experience as may be expected of a well educated person who has not made any special study of any scientific discipline. The questions shall be from topics- in Physics, Chemistry and Biology viz.,. Scientific Laws, Scientific instruments, Inventions and Discoveries. Scientists and their contributions. Human Physiology, Diseases, their cause, cure and prevention, Diet-Balanced diet, human Genetics, Animals, Mammals and Birds, Environment and Ecology. Elements and Compounds. Acids, Bases and Salts and allied Subjects, Motion, Newtons Laws of Motion - Properties of Matter, Electricity, National Laboratories and other related topics.
2. HISTORY OF INDIA: Dates and events relating to indus Valley Civilisation, Vedic, Aryan and Sangam Age, Maurya Dynasty, Buddhism and Jainism, Guptas and Vardhanas, Pallavas, Cholas and Pandias, Sultanate and Mughal Period. Advent of European powers specially the British and other related topics.
3. GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA: Earth, Motions of Earth, Rotation and Revolution and their effects, Structure of Earth, Natural regions of India, Weather, Monsoon and Climate. Rainfall, Natural Calamities, Indian Towns and Places, Hill Stations, National parks, Major Ports, Crops and Minerals, Location of Major Industries, Forests and Wildlife, Population distribution in India and other related topics.
4. ECONOMICS AND COMMERCE: Agriculture, Major crops and crop pattern in India, Industrial Development, Major medium, small scale and cottage Industries of Tamil Nadu. Village and Rural Development in India. Housing, Drinking water and other developmental schemes - price policy, Inflation, population and unemployment problems, imports and exports.
5. INDIAN POLITY: Indian Consitution, Salient features, citizenship, elections, Parliament and State Legistature, Executive set up of States, Judiciary system, Local self Governments, Centre - State Relations, Language Policy, Foreign policy.
6. INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT: National freedom movement and attainment of independence - contribution of National Leaders like Bal Ganga Dhar Tilak, Gopalakrishna Gokhale, Dada Bhai Nauvroji Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and others - Role of Tamil Nadu in Freedom Movement, Bharathiyar, V.O.C, Subramaniya Siva, Rajaji and others.
7. CURRENT EVENTS: Latest development in Science and technology, political developments in India, New developments in Trade, Transport and communicaton, historical events. Fine arts like dance, drama, films, painting, major literary works Games and Sports, National, International awards, National and International organisations, Abbreviations, who is who, Books and Authors, General Terminology, India and its Neighbours, present day India and other related topics.
8. MENTAL ABILITY TESTS: These tests are ment to verify the candidate's capability to draw conclusions through, inductive or deductive reasoning from tables and charts. It will include elementary problems from school mathematics.
Note: Some of the questions asked in this paper shall be exclusively with reference to Tamil Nadu.

TNPSC(TAMIL NADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION)EXAM:SYLLABUS.

DIPLOMA STANDARD
Code: 001
1 General Science Will Cover General appreciation and understanding of Science including matters of everyday observations and experience as may be expected of a well educated person who has not made any special study of any scientific discipline. The questions shall be from topics- in Physics, Chemistry and Biology viz.,. Scientific Laws, Scientific instruments, Inventions and Discoveries. Scientists and their contributions. Human Physiology, Diseases, their cause, cure and prevention, Diet-Balanced diet, human Genetics, Animals, Mammals and Birds, Environment and Ecology. Elements and Compounds. Acids, Bases and Salts and allied Subjects, Motion, Newtons Laws of Motion - Properties of Matter, Electricity, National Laboratories and other related topics.
2 HISTORY OF INDIA: Dates and events relating to indus Valley Civilisation, Vedic, Aryan and Sangam Age, Maurya Dynasty, Buddhism and Jainism, Guptas and Vardhanas, Pallavas, Cholas and Pandias, Sultanate and Mughal Period. Advent of European powers specially the British and other related topics.
3 GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA: Earth, Motions of Earth, Rotation and Revolution and their effects, Structure of Earth, Natural regions of India, Weather, Monsoon and Climate. Rainfall, Natural Calamities, Indian Towns and Places, Hill Stations, National parks, Major Ports, Crops and Minerals, Location of Major Industries, Forests and Wildlife, Population distribution in India and other related topics.
4 ECONOMICS AND COMMERCE: Agriculture, Major crops and crop pattern in India, Industrial Development, Major medium, small scale and cottage Industries of Tamil Nadu. Village and Rural Development in India. Housing, Drinking water and other developmental schemes - price policy, Inflation, population and unemployment problems, imports and exports.
5 INDIAN POLITY: Indian Consitution, Salient features, citizenship, elections, Parliament and State Legistature, Executive set up of States, Judiciary system, Local self Governments, Centre - State Relations, Language Policy, Foreign policy.
6 INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT: National freedom movement and attainment of independence - contribution of National Leaders like Bal Ganga Dhar Tilak, Gopalakrishna Gokhale, Dada Bhai Nauvroji Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and others - Role of Tamil Nadu in Freedom Movement, Bharathiyar, V.O.C, Subramaniya Siva, Rajaji and others.
7 CURRENT EVENTS: Latest development in Science and technology, political developments in India, New developments in Trade, Transport and communicaton, historical events. Fine arts like dance, drama, films, painting, major literary works Games and Sports, National, International awards, National and International organisations, Abbreviations, who is who, Books and Authors, General Terminology, India and its Neighbours, present day India and other related topics.
8 MENTAL ABILITY TESTS: These tests are ment to verify the candidate's capability to draw conclusions through, inductive or deductive reasoning from tables and charts. It will include elementary problems from school mathematics.
Note: Some of the questions asked in this paper shall be exclusively with reference to Tamil Nadu.

TNPSC(TAMIL NADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION)EXAM:SYLLABUS.

Syllabus for Preliminary Examination (Objective type)
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
The paper on general knowledge will include questions covering the following fields of knowledge. General Science, current events of national and international importance, history and culture of India, geography, Indian Polity, Indian economy, Indian National Movement andFreedom struggle, Mental ability tests and other related fields.
Questions on general science will cover general appreciation and understanding ofscience, including matters of every day observation and experience as may be expected of a
well educated person who has not made a special study of any scientific discipline

In history emphasis will be on broad general understanding of the subject in its social, economic,political aspects; social and cultural heritage of India emphasizing unity in diversity.
Questions on Tamil, Tamil Nadu, Language and Literature, Culture and heritage of its people.
In geography emphasis will be on geography of India including the physical, social, economic,geography and on the main features of Indian agriculture and natural resources. Questionson Indian polity and economy will test knowledge on the country’s political, executive, JudicialSystem, Panchayat raj, Rural and Community Development and Economic Planning in India.
Questions on Indian National Movement will relate to the nature and character of theNineteenth century resurgence, growth of nationalism and attainment of independence.
General mental ability test will include analysis of classified data, logical and behaviouralreasoning, analogies, school arithmetic, numerical ability and basic concepts of computers.
Current events will include latest developments on all the fields detailed above includingscience and technology.

TNPSC(TAMIL NADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION)EXAM:SYLLABUS.

DEGREE STANDARD
Code: 001
(For all examination except for group I services - main Examination)

The paper on general knowledge will include questions covering the following fields of knowledge: General science, current events of national and international importance , history and culture of India, geography, Indian polity, Indian economy, Indian national movement and freedom struggle, mental ability tests and other related fields.

Questions on general science will cover general appreciation and understanding of science, including matters of every day observation and experience as may be expected of a well educated person who has not made a special study of any scientific discipline. In history emphasis will be on broad general understanding of the subject in its social, economic, political aspects; social and cultural heritage of India emphasizing unity in diversity . In geography emphasis will be on geography of India including the physical, social, economic geography and on the main features of Indian agriculture and natural resources. Questions on Indian polity and economy will test knowledge on the country’s political, executive, judicial system, panchayat raj, rural and community development, and economic planning in India. Questions on Indian national movement will relate to the nature and character of the nineteenth century resurgence, growth of nationalism and attainment of independence. General mental ability test will include analysis of classified data, logical and behavioral reasoning, analogies, school arithmetic, numerical ability and basic concepts of computers. Current events will include latest developments on all the fields detailed above including science and technology.

NOTE: About 20 % of the questions in this paper shall be exclusively with reference to Tamil, Tamil nadu, language and literature, culture and heritage of its people.

TNPSC(TAMIL NADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION)EXAM:SYLLABUS.

(OBJECTIVE TYPE)
(For all examination except for group I services - main Examination)
The paper on general knowledge will include questions covering the following fields of knowledge: General science, current events of national and international importance , history and culture of India, geography, Indian polity, Indian economy, Indian national movement and freedom struggle, mental ability tests and other related fields.
Questions on general science will cover general appreciation and understanding of science, including matters of every day observation and experience as may be expected of a well educated person who has not made a special study of any scientific discipline. In history emphasis will be on broad general understanding of the subject in its social, economic, political aspects; social and cultural heritage of India emphasizing unity in diversity . In geography emphasis will be on geography of India including the physical, social, economic geography and on the main features of Indian agriculture and natural resources. Questions on Indian polity and economy will test knowledge on the country’s political, executive, judicial system, panchayat raj, rural and community development, and economic planning in India. Questions on Indian national movement will relate to the nature and character of the nineteenth century resurgence, growth of nationalism and attainment of independence. General mental ability test will include analysis of classified data, logical and behavioral reasoning, analogies, school arithmetic, numerical ability and basic concepts of computers. Current events will include latest developments on all the fields detailed above including science and technology.
NOTE: About 20 % of the questions in this paper shall be exclusively with reference to Tamil, Tamilnadu, language and literature, culture and heritage of its people.

GENERAL STUDIES (DESCRIPTIVE TYPE)
( for group I services main examination-TWO PAPERS)
SYLLABUS.
PAPER-1
1. Modern history of India and Indian culture2. Current events of national and international importance 3. Statistical analysis , graphs and diagrams4. Social problems and other current sensitive issues
PAPER-2
1. Indian polity2. Indian economy and geography of India 3. Role and impact of science and technology in the development of India4. Tamil language, Tamil society, its culture and heritage 5. Tamil Nadu administration
Modern history of India and Indian culture will cover the broad history of the country from about the middle of the nineteenth century (advent of European invasion) and would include questions on Gandhi, Tagore, Nehru and Periyar. Statistical analysis, graphs and diagrams will include exercises to test the candidates ability to draw commonsense conclusions from information presented in statistical, graphical and diagrammatical form and to point out deficiencies, limitations and inconsistencies therein. Social problems and sensitive issues will include problems like bonded labour, child labour, gender bias, minorities, SC/ST, illiteracy, poverty, employment etc.
Indian polity will include questions on constitution of India, and Political System in India. On Indian economy and geography, questions will be put on planning in India and the physical, economic, social geography of India. On role and impact of science and technology, questions will be asked to test the candidate’s awareness of the latest developments in science and technology with special emphasis on applied aspects. Under Tamil language and culture questions will be put to test the candidate’s general awareness on those topics. Tamil Nadu administration will cover topics in general administration like organizational structure, functions, control, social welfare oriented programmes etc.

TNPSC(TAMILNADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION)EXAM:Syllabus for Preliminary Examination

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
The paper on general knowledge will include questions covering the following fields of
knowledge. General Science, current events of national and international importance, history
and culture of India, geography, Indian Polity, Indian economy, Indian National Movement and
Freedom struggle, Mental ability tests and other related fields.
Questions on general science will cover general appreciation and understanding of
science, including matters of every day observation and experience as may be expected of a
well educated person who has not made a special study of any scientific discipline. In history
emphasis will be on broad general understanding of the subject in its social, economic,
political aspects; social and cultural heritage of India emphasizing unity in diversity.
Questions on Tamil, Tamil Nadu, Language and Literature, Culture and heritage of its people.
In geography emphasis will be on geography of India including the physical, social, economic,
geography and on the main features of Indian agriculture and natural resources. Questions
on Indian polity and economy will test knowledge on the country’s political, executive, Judicial
System, Panchayat raj, Rural and Community Development and Economic Planning in India.
Questions on Indian National Movement will relate to the nature and character of the
Nineteenth century resurgence, growth of nationalism and attainment of independence.
General mental ability test will include analysis of classified data, logical and behavioural
reasoning, analogies, school arithmetic, numerical ability and basic concepts of computers.
Current events will include latest developments on all the fields detailed above including
science and technology.

TNPSC(TAMILNADU PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION)EXAM:PAPER-general knowledge

(OBJECTIVE TYPE)

GRADUATE STANDARD

(For all examination except for group I services - main Examination)
SYLLABUS.
The paper on general knowledge will include questions covering the following fields of knowledge: General science, current events of national and international importance , history and culture of India, geography, Indian polity, Indian economy, Indian national movement and freedom struggle, mental ability tests and other related fields.
Questions on general science will cover general appreciation and understanding of science, including matters of every day observation and experience as may be expected of a well educated person who has not made a special study of any scientific discipline. In history emphasis will be on broad general understanding of the subject in its social, economic, political aspects; social and cultural heritage of India emphasizing unity in diversity . In geography emphasis will be on geography of India including the physical, social, economic geography and on the main features of Indian agriculture and natural resources. Questions on Indian polity and economy will test knowledge on the country’s political, executive, judicial system, panchayat raj, rural and community development, and economic planning in India. Questions on Indian national movement will relate to the nature and character of the nineteenth century resurgence, growth of nationalism and attainment of independence. General mental ability test will include analysis of classified data, logical and behavioral reasoning, analogies, school arithmetic, numerical ability and basic concepts of computers. Current events will include latest developments on all the fields detailed above including science and technology.
NOTE: About 20 % of the questions in this paper shall be exclusively with reference to Tamil, Tamilnadu, language and literature, culture and heritage of its people.

GENERAL STUDIES (DESCRIPTIVE TYPE)

( for group I services main examination-TWO PAPERS)
SYLLABUS.
PAPER-1
1. Modern history of India and Indian culture2. Current events of national and international importance 3. Statistical analysis , graphs and diagrams4. Social problems and other current sensitive issues
PAPER-2
1. Indian polity2. Indian economy and geography of India 3. Role and impact of science and technology in the development of India4. Tamil language, Tamil society, its culture and heritage 5. Tamil Nadu administration
Modern history of India and Indian culture will cover the broad history of the country from about the middle of the nineteenth century (advent of European invasion) and would include questions on Gandhi, Tagore, Nehru and Periyar. Statistical analysis, graphs and diagrams will include exercises to test the candidates ability to draw commonsense conclusions from information presented in statistical, graphical and diagrammatical form and to point out deficiencies, limitations and inconsistencies therein. Social problems and sensitive issues will include problems like bonded labour, child labour, gender bias, minorities, SC/ST, illiteracy, poverty, employment etc.
Indian polity will include questions on constitution of India, and Political System in India. On Indian economy and geography, questions will be put on planning in India and the physical, economic, social geography of India. On role and impact of science and technology, questions will be asked to test the candidate’s awareness of the latest developments in science and technology with special emphasis on applied aspects. Under Tamil language and culture questions will be put to test the candidate’s general awareness on those topics. Tamil Nadu administration will cover topics in general administration like organizational structure, functions, control, social welfare oriented programmes etc.

UPSC CSAT CSE IAS Mains Previous Year Paper Animal Husbandry and Vetenary Sciences (1988)

PAPER - ISECTION

A1. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:

(a) Significance of protein quality in ruminants

(b) Role of B vitamins in metabolism of energy and proteins

(c) Environmental factors affecting regulatory mechanisms in animals

(d) Milk ejection

2. What are the complex carbohydrates in the ruminant diet? State how are these digested? Discuss in brief the factors affecting digestion of these substances in the rumen.

3. Define growth. How growth is measured? Discuss the factors affecting growth of a farm animal of your choice.

4. Write a note on the current status of knowledge about hormonal control of mammary development and milk secretion? Discuss in brief the role of synthetic hormones and hormone like substances in mammary growth, induction of lactation and milk production.

SECTION B

5. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:

(a) Recombined and reconstituted milks

(b) Finished ration for pigs

(c) Balanced Dairy Ration

(d) Moulting

6. On what factors will the cost of production of milk depend? Elaborate your answer in relation to Indian conditions. Discuss in brief a suitable pricing policy that will help increased production of milk.

7. What is the present status of Artificial insemination in India? What are the limitations which have affected the popularity of A.I. in our country? Suggest the remedies which should be adopted to make it a success?
8. A commercial dairy farm of 100 adult cows is to be established. Discuss the requirements of land for fodder crops and otherwise, building, equipment and manpower with progressive development of the farm for 3 years. Give specific name, size and number of the equipments buildings etc.

PAPER - IISECTION

A1. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:

(a) BALANCED POLYMORPHISM

(b) PACEMAKER POTENTIAL

(c) PATH COEFFICIENT

(d) TAPETUM LUCIDUM

2. Describe various types and methods of selection in cattle with reference to their effectiveness and limitations. How the genetic gains so achieved may be evaluated and what would be the most suitable practice to be recommended for our country.
3. Describe the role of HEMATOPOIETIC drugs in veterinary practice.
4. MEND ELIAN principles form the basis for the genetic mechanisms involved in the inheritance of QUANTITATIVE TRAITS. Discuss.

SECTION B

5. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each:

(a) LACTOMETER

(b) ACTINOMYCOSIS

(c) SHIPPING FEVER

(d) EXTENSION CLIENTELE

6. What are the concepts to be understood to take appropriate action for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of viral diseases of cattle?

7. What are important Zoonotic diseases to be transmitted from animals to man through meat and meat products? How such diseases be controlled in developing countries like ours? What is the role of Veterinarian in this respect in view of public health importance?

8. Technological transformation in Agriculture / livestock development is the key to rural development. Discuss.

UPSC : Urdu : Main Examination

PAPER -I
Answers must be written in Urdu.
Section ADevelopment of Urdu Language
a) Development of Indo-Aryan

(i) Old Indo-Aryan
(ii) Middle Indo-Aryan
(iii) New Indo-Aryan.
b) Western Hindi and its dialects Brij Bhasha Khadi Boli, Haryanavi Kannauji, Bundeli-Theories about the origin of Urdu Language.
c) Dakkhani Urdu -Origin and development, its significant Urdu Linguistic features.
d) Social and Cultural roots of Urdu language and its distinctive features. Script, Phonology, Morphology, Vocabulary.

Section B
a) Genres and their development:
(i) Poetry: Ghazal, Masnavi, Qasida, Marsia, Rubai, Jadid Nazm,
(ii) Prose: Novel, Short Story, Dastan, Drama, Inshaiya, Khutoot, Biography.
(b) Significant features of:
(i) Deccani, Delhi and Lucknow schools
(ii) Sir Syed movement, Romantic movement, progressive movement, Modernism.
c) Literary Criticism and its development with reference to Hali, Shibli, Kaleemuddin Ahmad, Ehtisham Hussain, Ale-Ahmad Suroor.
d) Essay writing (covering literary and imaginative topics)

PAPER II
Answers must be written in Urdu.This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidates critical ability.
Section A
1. Mir Amman - Bagho-Babar

2. Glialib - Intikhab-e-Khutoot-e-Ghalib

3. Mohd. Husain Azad - Nairang-e-Khayal

4. Prem Chand - Godan

5. Rajendra Singh Bedi - Apne Dukh Mujhe Dedo

6. Abul Kalam Azad � - Ghubar-e-Khatir

Section B
1. Mir - Intikhab-e-Kalam-e-Mir (Ed. Abul Haq).

2. Mir Hasan - Sahrul Bayan

3. Ghalib -Diwan-e-Ghalib

4. Iqbal . - Bal-e-Jibrail

5. Firaq - Gul-e-Naghma

6. Faiz - Dast-e-Saba

7. Akhtruliman - Bint-e-Lamhat

UPSC : Law : Optional Subject of Main Examination

PAPER-I
Section-A
Constitutional Law of India

1. Nature of the Indian Constitution: the distinctive features of its federal character.

2. Fundamental Rights.

3. Relationship between Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties.

4. Constitutional Position of the President and relation with the Council of Ministers.

5. Governor and his Powers.

6. Appointment and Transfer of judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.

7. Supreme Court and High Courts: Powers and Jurisdiction.

8. Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commissions: Powers and Functions.

9. Distribution of Legislative Powers between the Union and the States.

10. Administrative Relationship between Union and the States.

11. Emergency Provisions

12. Givil Servants: Constitutional safeguards.

13. Parliamentary Privileges

14. Amendment of the Constitution.

15. Principle of Natural Justice

16. Delegated Legislation: Its constitutionality and judicial and legislative . controls.

17. Judicial Review of Administrative Action.

Section-B
International Law

1. Nature and Definition of International Law.

2. Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law

3. State Recognition and State Succession.

4. Sea: Inland Waters, Territorial Sea,Contiguous Zone, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone and High Seas.

5. Individuals, nationality, statelessness; Human Rights and procedures available for their enforcement.

6. Territorial jurisdiction of States, Extradition and Asylum.

7. Treaties: Formation application, termination and reservation.

8. United Nations: Its principal organs, powers, and functions.

9. Settlement of Disputes.

10. Lawful recourse to force; aggressions, self-defence, intervention.

11. Legality of the use of nuclear weapons; ban on testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear non proliferation treaty-, CTBT.

12. International Terrorism State sponsored terrorism, Hijacking, International Criminal Court.

13. New International Economic order and Monetary law: WTO, TRIPS, GATT, IMF, World Bank.

14. Protection and Improvement of the Human Environment: International Efforts.

PAPER-II
Section-A Law of Crimes:

1. General Principles of Criminal Liability: mens rea and actus reus, Mens rea in statutory offences.

2. Application of the Indian Penal Code.

3. Kinds of Punishment.

4. Preparations and criminal attempts

5. General exceptions.

6. Joint and constructive liability.

7. Abetment.8. Criminal conspiracy.

9. Offences against the State.

10. Offences against public tranquillity.

11. Offences against human body.

12. Offences against property

13. Offences Relating to Marriage.

14. Defamation

15. Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955

16. Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961

17. Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.
Law of Torts:

1. Nature and definition.

2. Liability based upon fault and strict liability.

3. Vicarious liability including State Liability.

4. General defences.

5. Joint tort-feasors.

6. Remedies.

7. Negligence

8. Defamation.

9. Nuisance.

10. Conspiracy

11. False imprisonment.

12. Malicious Prosecution.

13. Consumer Protection Act, 1986.

Section-B
Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law

1. Formation of Contract

2. Factors vitiating consent

3. Void voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements.

4. Performance and discharge of contracts.

5. Quasi-contracts.

6. Consequences of breach of contract

7. Contract of Agency.

8. Sale of goods and hire purchase.

9. Formation and dissolution of partnership

10. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.11. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.